很多考生都說(shuō)害怕英語(yǔ)，覺(jué)得英語(yǔ)很難，不容易通過(guò)考試，但是參加上海自考肯定是要多多復(fù)習(xí)和練習(xí)試題的，這里求學(xué)問(wèn)校上海自考網(wǎng)小編就整理了2021年4月上海自考英語(yǔ)(一)應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章，供大家參考練習(xí)，也希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
本課主要單詞
1.rare adj.稀有的，難得的
a rare word〔冷僻的詞〕rare metals〔稀有金屬〕
a rare disease(罕見(jiàn)的疾病)
2.substance n.物質(zhì);實(shí)質(zhì);大意;根據(jù)
Ice，snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、水是同一物質(zhì)的三種不同形式?！?/p>
What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance?
〔去聽(tīng)一個(gè)沒(méi)有什么內(nèi)容的講座有什么意義呢?〕
What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.
〔他大體上說(shuō)的是我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止污染?！?/p>
There was no substance in his complaints.〔他的抱怨沒(méi)有道理?！?/p>
3.slight adj.輕微的;纖細(xì)的
Mother said she had a slight headache.〔媽媽說(shuō)她有點(diǎn)頭疼。〕
I didn't have the slightest idea about what had happened.〔我一點(diǎn)都不知道發(fā)生了什么事?！?/p>
4.extreme adj.極端的，極度的;盡頭的n.極端
Extreme action will be taken if necessary.〔如有必要，我們將采取最嚴(yán)厲的行動(dòng)?！?/p>
His hospitality was carried to an extreme.〔他好客得過(guò)分了。〕
She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.〔她覺(jué)得那本書(shū)沒(méi)意思透了?！?/p>
extreme joy/pain〔極度的歡樂(lè)/痛苦〕an extreme of sadness〔極度傷心〕
go from one extreme to the other〔從一個(gè)極端走到另一個(gè)極端〕
go to the other extreme〔走到另一個(gè)極端〕
in the extreme〔極度，非?！?/p>
extremes of poverty and wealth〔貧富的兩極〕
5.pressure n.壓力，壓強(qiáng)
Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.
〔沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)以及家長(zhǎng)的過(guò)高期望可能會(huì)給孩子太大的壓力。〕
He was under constant pressure from his superiors.〔他的上司不斷地給他壓力?！?/p>
6.liquid adj.液體的，液態(tài)的;清澈的，明亮的n.液體
7.crack n.裂縫v.破裂;打開(kāi)
His face cracked with a broad smile.〔他咧開(kāi)嘴笑了?！?/p>
The phone cracked the room's quiet.〔電話(huà)鈴聲打破了房間的寂靜?！?/p>
They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.〔他們無(wú)法打進(jìn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的銷(xiāo)售市場(chǎng)。〕
8.crust n.地殼;面包皮，外皮
It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.〔在這樣一層薄冰上行走是很危險(xiǎn)的?！?/p>
9.crystal n.水晶;晶粒adj.清澈透明
I've made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.
〔我已經(jīng)表明了我的觀點(diǎn)，絕不同意這個(gè)提議。〕
10.popular adj.流行的，大眾的;普及的;受歡迎的
Popular music is well liked by young people.〔流行音樂(lè)深受年輕人的喜愛(ài)?！?/p>
Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.〔游泳是老老少少都喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?/p>
He has always been popular with/among boys in his community.
〔他一直廣受他那個(gè)社區(qū)的男孩子們的喜歡?！?/p>
This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.〔這家飯店供應(yīng)價(jià)格大眾化的飯菜?！?/p>
11.handful n.一把，一小撮
He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.(他對(duì)醫(yī)生說(shuō)他的頭發(fā)一把一把地脫落。)
He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.〔除了少量的幾本書(shū)他什么也沒(méi)給我?！?/p>
注意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，-ful是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面可以構(gòu)成形容詞，比如：careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful這個(gè)單詞中，-ful是一個(gè)名詞后綴，加在某些名詞的后面，表示“充滿(mǎn)…所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。
12.formation n.巖層;形成，構(gòu)成
Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.
〔大多數(shù)鉆石都是從地下的巖層里開(kāi)采出來(lái)的?！?/p>
The formation of good habits is very important for a child.〔好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)很重要?！?/p>
13.pipe n.管子，導(dǎo)管;煙斗v.用管道輸送
14.somewhat adv.稍微，有點(diǎn)
It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.(要他回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題有點(diǎn)難。)
15.blast n.疾風(fēng)，強(qiáng)風(fēng);爆炸v.炸，炸掉
A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷氣使他渾身戰(zhàn)栗?！?/p>
They decided to blast through the mountains.〔他們打算炸山開(kāi)路?！?/p>
16.crush v.壓碎;鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒
The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺(tái)機(jī)器能把石頭碾成粉末。〕
Can you imagine that debts are crushing them?〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)嗎?〕
17.destroy v.破壞，毀滅;消滅
18.impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的
impression n.印象
impress v.給…極深的印象
I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個(gè)老師。〕
What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象最深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?/p>
19.experience n經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷v.經(jīng)歷，遭受
experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
20.immediately adv.即刻地;緊密地
immediate adj.立刻的;最接近的
He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說(shuō)他得立即去醫(yī)院。〕
The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行。〕
You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們?！?/p>
It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持。〕
本課主要構(gòu)詞法
affixation(詞綴法)
1.形容詞后綴-ful beautiful，useful，
2.形容詞后綴-ive impressive
3.形容詞后綴-y greasy
4.名詞后綴-ation combination，formation
5.名詞后綴-ure pressure
6.名詞后綴-y discovery
7.名詞后綴-er traveler，miner
8.名詞后綴-ful handful
9.副詞后綴-ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，
10.副詞后綴-ward upward
課文簡(jiǎn)介
本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開(kāi)采方式。讀了本課，你會(huì)了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬(wàn)年前的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān);你也會(huì)了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛(ài)的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開(kāi)采出來(lái)時(shí)并不光彩照人。
本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.
本句中found in nature是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾substance.定語(yǔ)從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語(yǔ)從句中很常見(jiàn)，在前幾個(gè)單元中，我們遇到過(guò)多次。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1)There are many books(that)I'd like to read.(有很多書(shū)我想看。)
2)He is a man(that)we all like and trust.(他是一個(gè)我們大家喜歡和信賴(lài)的人。)
3)This is the most interesting film(that)I have ever seen.(這是我看過(guò)的最有意思的電影)
先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.
本句中的hardest意思為“堅(jiān)硬的”“堅(jiān)固的”，而不是“困難的”。
mean是一個(gè)很常見(jiàn)的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：
1)What do you mean by saying this to me?(你對(duì)我說(shuō)這個(gè)是什么意思?)
2)Friendship means everything to him.(友誼對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)意味著一切。)
3)The teacher's praise meant so much to the children.(老師的表?yè)P(yáng)對(duì)孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。)
4)I'm serious about this.I mean what I say.(我對(duì)此事是認(rèn)真的，我說(shuō)話(huà)算數(shù)。)
5)I'm sorry，I didn't mean to hurt you.(對(duì)不起，我無(wú)意傷害你。)
6)They meant to finish the work ahead of time.(他們的打算是提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。)
7)I meant to call you but I forgot.(我原打算給你打電話(huà)的，但我忘記了。)
cut在前一個(gè)句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“切割”，在后一個(gè)句子中做名詞用，意思是“切面”。
3.Diamonds are made from carbon.
由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of兩個(gè)詞組來(lái)表達(dá)。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出該物品由什么材料制成的。
4.Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds.
extreme在句中做形容詞用，意思是“極度的”，如：
1)Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal.(極度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的動(dòng)物蘇醒。)
2)They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter.(冬天時(shí)，他們將不得不忍受極度的不適。)
change…into意思是“把…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，如?/p>
1)Water changes into vapour when heated.(水加熱后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎魵狻?
2)Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB.(你去銀行就能很容易地把這些美元換成人民幣。)
5.Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot，liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth.
請(qǐng)注意such與so之間的不同用法。such后面接名詞，而so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：
1)I don't believe he could make such a mistake.(我相信他不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤的。)
2)How can you go out on such a rainy day?(在這樣的雨天里，你怎么能出門(mén)?)
3)He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow.(他說(shuō)話(huà)太快，我聽(tīng)不懂。)
4)I'm so glad you could come.(你能來(lái)我真高興。)
mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一體的)團(tuán)、塊”，比如：
1)a mass of hot air(一團(tuán)熱氣)
2)a mass of sand(一堆沙)
3)Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water.(一團(tuán)云聚集大量的水蒸氣就形成了雨。)
Mass也可以做形容詞用，意思是“群眾的”、“大量的”，如：
1)a mass meeting(群眾大會(huì))
2)mass education(大眾教育)
3)mass media(大眾傳媒)
4)Mass production could very well cut the cost.(大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以降低成本。)
以上就是2021年4月上海自考英語(yǔ)(一)應(yīng)試復(fù)習(xí)資料:第五章的相關(guān)內(nèi)容了，更多上海自考習(xí)題復(fù)習(xí)資料可持續(xù)關(guān)注本站，也可以關(guān)注【求學(xué)問(wèn)校網(wǎng)】微信公眾號(hào)時(shí)刻關(guān)注自考相關(guān)資訊。
